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Historic #Horsham is set about the #Carfax, meaning ‘four ways’ or ‘crossroads’. It includes the #TownHall in #MarketSquare, originally a 17th CE market hall, rebuilt in 1812 by the #DukeofNorfolk and again in 1888, & #TheCauseway, one of the finest streets in #Sussex, lined with lime trees and 17th, 18th and 19th century Wealden houses that lead down to the church.
In Source: Market Square
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Great Houses in & around #Horsham inc. #ChesworthHouse, a former Tudor Manor House which was the childhood home of Henry VIII’s 5th wife #QueenCatherineHoward; #Denne Park, the 17th-century home of the #Eversfield family of politicians; medieval #FieldPlace, which in 1792 was the birthplace of poet #PercyByssheShelley and #WarnhamCourt, a #GeorgianCountryHouse & #DeerPark.
In Source: Market Square
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Famous faces from #Horsham include #QueenCatherineHoward, who grew up at #ChesworthHouse; poet #PercyByssheShelley, who was born in 1792 at #FieldPlace; thriller writer #HammondInnes born 1913; comedian #HarryEnfield born 1961; 1953 World Air Speed Record Holder #NevilleDuke who lived on #TheCauseway & DJ #DavidHamilton who broadcasts his #BoomTime radio show from his farmhouse
In Source: Market Square
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#HorshamMuseumSociety was founded in 1893 & in 1941 moved into #CausewayHouse, one of the oldest houses on #TheCauseway, dating from 1450. On display are objects relating to the #Horsham area, a gallery of local artists & a room dedicated to the poet #PercyByssheShelley. The walled #MuseumGarden was laid out in 1981 with plants evolved from medieval herbs, roses & shrubs.
In Source: Horsham Museum
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The parish church of #StMary is the oldest building in #Horsham, 12th & 13th CE, mainly #EarlyEnglish. The huge buttressed tower is crowned with a tall 15th CE warped shingled spire. North of the altar is the canopied tomb of #ThomasHoo (d1486) an ancestor of #AnneBoleyn, & to the south the tomb of local landowner #SirThomasdeBraose (d1395). Unusually there is no chancel arch.
In Source: St Mary's Church
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#ChristsHospitalSchool, founded in 1552 by #EdwardVI, moved to #Horsham from London in 1902. Set around a vast quadrangle the complex of red brick buildings was designed by #AstonWebb & incorporates a gateway from the original school designed by #ChristopherWren. Known as the #BluecoatSchool, after the distinctive original Tudor uniform of a long blue coat & yellow socks.
In Source: Christ's Hospital
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#LambethPalaceLibrary contains collections & archives of the #ArchbishopsofCanterbury & the #ChurchofEngland from as far back as the 9th century. Founded in 1610 by will of #ArchbishopBancroft & added to by subsequent archbishops with support of #JamesI it is one of the oldest & most important public libraries in the world.
In Source: Lambeth Palace Library
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Originally housed in #Cloisters at #LambethPalace the #LambethPalaceLibrary was moved into the 17th-century #LambethPalaceGreatHall when the palace was remodelled by #EdwardBlore in early 19th century. In 2020 the Library moved into its 1st purpose built home, a new building erected at the north end of the #LambethPalaceGarden
In Source: Lambeth Palace Library
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Treasures include 9th-century #MacdurnanGospels, 12th-century illuminated #LambethBible, a rare portrait of #EdwardV, a #GutenbergBible (1st book printed with moveable type), works printed by #Caxton & #WynkyndeWorde, 1st edition #ThomasMore’s #Utopia illustrated by #Holbein, a Prayer Book belonging to #ElizabethI, and gloves handed to #BishopJuxon by #CharlesI on the scaffold.
In Source: Lambeth Palace Library
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#LambethPalace, which lies across the #RiverThames from the #HousesofParliament, has been the official London home of the #ArchbishopsofCanterbury for over 800 years. Although the palace was largely rebuilt in the 19th century by #EdwardBlore some parts date back to the early 13th century.
In Source: Lambeth Palace
The oldest part of #LambethPalace is the unaltered #Crypt built in 1213 for #StephenLangton #Archbishop who drafted #MagnaCarta. In 1378 religious dissident #JohnWycliffe, author of the 1st English Bible, was arraigned for heresy in the crypt & in 1536 #AnneBoleyn was questioned there by #Archbishop #ThomasCranmer & forced to confess to treason. It is now a private #Chapel.
In Source: Lambeth Palace
#LambethPalaceChapel was built c1225, and although rebuilt after being bombed in #WW2, is a fine example of 13th-century #EarlyEnglishGothicArchitecture with a vaulted ceiling and high lancet windows of stained glass. The original 13th-century west doorway survives as does a 17th-century carved wooden screen made for #Archbishop #WilliamLaud.
In Source: Lambeth Palace
Buried beneath a floor tile in front of the altar in #LambethPalaceChapel are the ashes of the original #NoseyParker, #QueenElizabethI’s #Archbishop #MatthewParker, given his nickname by the Queen herself, not just on account of his large proboscis but also because of his prying nature.
In Source: Lambeth Palace
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#PaternosterSquare is so named because it was here, in medieval times, the #Paternoster or Lord’s Prayer was recited by #StPaulsCathedral clergy as they processed the precincts. #AveMariaLane & #AmenCorner are similarly named. Originally at the centre of London’s publishing industry the square became the site of #NewgateMeatMarket until the market moved to #Smithfield in 1889.
In Source: Paternoster Square
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#PaternosterSquare was destroyed during the #Blitz in #WW2 & rebuilt as a pedestrian precinct with offices & shops. Redeveloped in the early 1990s it is now the location of the #LondonStockExchange & offices of investment banks such as #GoldmanSachs & #Nomura. In 2004 #ChristopherWren’s renovated #TempleBar was erected as a grand entrance to the square from #LudgateHill.
In Source: Paternoster Square
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#TempleBar was designed & built in 1671 by Sir #ChristopherWren to replace the dilapidated 14th-century gate that marked the western limits of the City of London where #FleetStreet & #Strand meet. Above the arch, facing the City, were statues of #JamesI & #AnneOfDenmark, while on the west side, facing Westminster, were statues of #CharlesI & #CharlesII.
In Source: Temple Bar
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Heads of traitors mounted on spikes were exhibited on top of #TempleBar & could be examined by telescope, for a halfpenny a go. Jacobites #FrancisTowneley & #GeorgeFletcher were the last. Put up in 1746 their heads remained for +25yrs until a storm blew them down. Stocks were also set up by the gate & were occupied by, amongst others, #TitusOates in 1685 & #DanielDefoe in 1703.
In Source: Temple Bar
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In 1878 #TempleBar was removed from its #FleetStreet location as the narrow central arch restricted traffic flow. After lying in bits in a scrap yard in Farringdon for 10 years, the gate was rescued by wealthy London brewer & politician Sir #HenryBruceMeux who purchased the dismantled stone and re-erected the gate at his mansion house #TheobaldsPark in Hertfordshire.
In Source: Temple Bar
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In 2001 the #CityOfLondon Corporation along with a number of #CityLivery Companies raised the money to buy Wren’s #TempleBar back, then restore and rebuild it as an entrance to the redeveloped #PaternosterSquare beside #StPaulsCathedral in 2004. Today the room at the top of the gate is the City’s smallest livery hall, headquarters of the #WorshipfulCompanyOfCharteredArchitects
In Source: Temple Bar
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The #TempleBarMemorial stands in the middle of the road where #Strand becomes #FleetStreet & the #CityOfWestminster meets the #CityOfLondon. It was designed & built by #CityArchitect #HoraceJones in 1880 & was constructed to replace & mark the location where #ChristopherWren’s #Baroque #TempleBar arch, which now forms the entrance to #PaternosterSquare, once stood.
In Source: Temple Bar Memorial
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#TempleBarMemorial is crowned by a #Dragon, symbol of the #CityOfLondon. Along the base are the mythical giant guardians of the City, #GogAndMagog. A bronze image on the east side shows a curtain fall on Wren’s #TempleBar while the statues of #QueenVictoria & #EdwardPrinceOfWales, celebrate the fact that in 1872, they were the last royals to pass through Wren’s gate.
In Source: Temple Bar Memorial
The western limits of #CityOfLondon were marked with a gate or ‘bar’ close to #TempleChurch of #KnightsTemplar, hence #TempleBar, since 1293 when the boundary was drawn by a chain between two wooden posts. In 1351 a stone gate was erected & refurbished over the years, surviving the 1666 #GreatFireOfLondon before it was demolished & replaced by #ChristopherWren’s Arch in 1672.
In Source: Temple Bar Memorial
When #QueenElizabethI went to #StPaulsCathedral to give thanks for defeating the #SpanishArmada in 1588 she waited at #TempleBar for the #LordMayorOfLondon to welcome her into the City. He offered her his #SwordOfState as a sign of fealty, the sword was carried at the head of the procession to show that the Monarch was under his protection; a tradition maintained ever since.
In Source: Temple Bar Memorial
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